A study of wintering at an Antarctic station revealed that constant close contact within a small group does not always improve relationships and can actually increase stress. These findings are important for preparing future space missions and other extreme environments.
Genetic analysis of the Neanderthal from Denisova Cave revealed that Siberian populations lived in small, isolated groups, which accelerated the accumulation of mutations. The study also found evidence of gene exchange with Denisovans and significant differences between eastern and western Neanderthals.
Centuries of living alongside humans have led Apennine brown bears to become less aggressive on a genetic level. Research has identified genes associated with peaceful behavior, which has helped the population survive in close proximity to people.