In a new meta-analysis, researchers summarized the results of 13 studies examining per capita alcohol consumption and suicide mortality rates across various countries, including Russia. The analysis revealed that each additional liter of pure alcohol consumed per person per year is associated with a 3.59% increase in suicide deaths.

The Link Between Alcohol and Suicide

Scientific literature has long pointed to a connection between suicide and mental health disorders, especially depression and alcohol-induced conditions. However, most studies have focused on the individual level rather than looking at trends across entire countries.

A team of researchers from Canada set out to fill this gap. By conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, they combined data from 13 studies that explored per capita alcohol consumption and suicide mortality rates in different countries—from Russia to nations in North America and Europe. The findings were published in the journal JAMA Network Open.

How Alcohol Consumption Is Measured

Average per capita alcohol consumption is calculated using data on production, imports, exports, sales, and alcohol taxes. This indicator, expressed in liters of pure ethanol per person per year, is considered more accurate than survey data, as people often underestimate their actual consumption.

Main Findings of the Study

By comparing statistics from dozens of countries, the researchers found that each additional liter of alcohol consumed per capita correlates with a 3.59% increase in suicide mortality. No significant differences were found between men and women—the risk increased proportionally for both genders.

In Russia, where the analysis covered the period from 1959 to 1998, a one-liter increase in alcohol consumption was linked to a 7.47% rise in suicides. In Scandinavian countries such as Norway and Sweden, the increase was even double-digit. However, in some countries, like Denmark, Spain, and Italy, the opposite trend was observed—a decrease in suicide mortality as alcohol consumption rose.

Practical Implications of the Results

The authors believe their findings have important practical significance. Per capita alcohol consumption is easy to monitor and can serve as a target indicator when developing national suicide prevention strategies.

Statistics and Additional Facts

According to the World Health Organization, more than 700,000 people die by suicide each year, and even more attempt it. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people aged 15 to 29 worldwide.

Previous research in suicidology has identified which days of the week and holidays see the highest rates of suicide. Analysis shows that the risk increases on Mondays, accounting for about 15–18% of all cases—higher than on other days of the week. Among holidays, the peak in suicides occurs on New Year's Day, especially among men.