Temporary episodes of brain activity resembling sleep can occur in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) even while they are awake. These states are often accompanied by reduced concentration, slower reaction times, and an increased number of mistakes.

A study published in the journal JNeurosci examines how such bursts of brain activity affect the ability of adults with ADHD to maintain attention. The research explored the connection between these episodes and difficulties with concentration.

Study Process

The experiment involved 32 adults with ADHD who had stopped taking medication, and 31 adults without neurodevelopmental disorders. All participants performed tasks that required sustained attention. During the process, researchers recorded moments of brain activity similar to sleep and tracked their frequency.

The results showed that people with ADHD experienced these episodes more often, which was linked to more frequent lapses in attention. Further analysis revealed a connection between these states and concentration difficulties, increased errors, slower reactions, and feelings of drowsiness.

Causes of Sleep-like States

Short-term changes in brain activity that resemble sleep are not unusual, especially during complex mental tasks. Such episodes can happen to anyone, but they are more common in people with ADHD. The study suggests that the increased frequency of these states may be a key mechanism explaining the challenges with maintaining attention and completing tasks.

Treatment Prospects

Previous research has shown that auditory stimulation during sleep in neurotypical individuals can enhance slow-wave brain activity, which may reduce sleep-like brain activity the next day. Future studies plan to test whether this method can help decrease daytime sleep-like brain activity in people with ADHD. If effective, this approach could form the basis for new ways to improve attention and task performance.

About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder found in both children and adults. It is characterized by persistent symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which can make everyday life, learning, work, and relationships more difficult. People with ADHD often struggle to maintain focus, complete tasks, organize activities, and control impulses. The condition is linked to differences in brain function and development, especially in areas responsible for attention, self-control, and executive functions. Symptoms can vary: some individuals mainly experience inattention, others show more hyperactivity or impulsivity, or a combination of these traits.