The electric motorcycle and bicycle industry is experiencing rapid growth, with new models regularly appearing around the world. In response, the state of Washington is considering a bill that aims to clearly define categories of electric vehicles, eliminating the current ambiguity in the classification of two-wheeled transport.

New Classification Criteria

The bill, proposed by the House Transportation Committee, introduces updated definitions to distinguish between low-speed pedal-assist e-bikes and more powerful electric vehicles that, by their features and design, are closer to motorcycles. Currently, e-bikes in the US are divided into three classes:

• Class 1: Electric assistance only while pedaling, with support cutting off at 32 km/h (20 mph).
• Class 2: Throttle-powered operation is possible, but speed is limited to 32 km/h (20 mph).
• Class 3: Pedal-assist up to 45 km/h (28 mph), and a speedometer is required.

These classes are limited by motor power and maximum supported speed, which determines where such vehicles can legally operate—for example, on bike paths or certain roads.

Reasons for the Changes

The rise of more powerful electric two-wheelers, some of which can reach high speeds and lack functional pedals, is blurring the lines between categories. Manufacturers are taking advantage of this uncertainty to market their products, which complicates regulation.

Main Provisions of the Bill

According to the new bill, an e-bike will be classified as a motorcycle if it meets any of the following conditions:

• No functional pedals
• Motor power exceeds 750 watts
• Throttle operation is possible above 32 km/h (20 mph)
• Pedal-assist support continues beyond 45 km/h (28 mph)

Once reclassified as an electric motorcycle, the vehicle will require a driver’s license, registration, insurance, headlights, and will be prohibited from using bike paths.

Goals and Consequences

The bill aims to improve safety and create consistent regulations. Bike paths and shared trails are not designed for the speed and weight typical of motorcycles. Clarifying definitions should reduce confusion for users, police, and local authorities.

To implement the bill, about $100,000 is planned to be allocated for a working group that will address regulatory issues and inform users about the differences between types of vehicles.

Market Impact

The e-bike market is growing rapidly, driven by demand from city dwellers, couriers, and outdoor enthusiasts seeking affordable and eco-friendly transportation. Definitions that are too broad could affect legitimate e-bikes or slow innovation in an industry that is expanding transportation options in both urban and rural areas.

National Trend

More and more US states are reconsidering how electric two-wheelers fit into the existing transportation system. For users, the outcome may determine not only the classification of their vehicle but also where its use is permitted.

---

Note: The bill could impact manufacturers producing high-powered e-bikes and motorcycles, as well as end users who will need to comply with the new requirements.